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标题: ref -- 判断引用是否存在并返回引用指向的数据类型 [打印本页]

作者: beyes 时间: 2011-10-25 20:50
标题: ref -- 判断引用是否存在并返回引用指向的数据类型
ref 函数可以用来判断引用是否存在。如果它的参数是一个指针(引用)变量，那么 ref 就返回该引用指向的数据类型。比如指针指向的是标量，那么返回 SCALAR；又如指向的是数组，那么返回 ARRAY 。

如果其参数不是引用，那么返回一个 NULL 字符串，下面是 ref 函数的可能返回值：

REF     指向指针的指针

SCALAR     指向标量的指针

ARRAY     指向数组的指针

HASH      指向散列的指针

CODE    指向子例程的指针

GLOB    指向

typeglob

的指针

考虑下面代码：
[code=perl]#!/usr/bin/perl

sub gifts;      #前向声明
$sum = 5;
$junk = "xxx";
@toys = qw/car gun tank/;

$p = \$sum;
$pp = \$p;

local %hashtemp = (
                   "name"  => "Jasmine",
                   "score" => 100,
                  );

sub subtemp {
        print "hello perl\n";
}

gifts(\$num, \@toys, \%hashtemp, \&subtemp, \$pp, \*globp, $junk);

sub gifts  {
        my ($n, $t, $h, $s, $pp, $globp, $j) = @_;
        print "\$n is a reference.\n" if ref($n);
        print "\$t is a reference.\n" if ref($t);
        print "\h is a reference.\n" if ref($h);
        print "\$s is a reference.\n" if ref($s);
        print "\$pp is a reference.\n" if ref($pp);
        print "\$globp is a reference.\n" if ref($globp);
        print "\$junk is not a reference.\n" unless ref($junk);

        print "--------------------------------\n";

        printf "\$n is a reference to a %s.\n", ref($n);
        printf "\$t is a reference to an %s.\n", ref($t);
        printf "\$h is a reference to a %s.\n", ref($h);
        printf "\$s is a reference to a %s.\n", ref($s);
        printf "\$pp is a reference to a %s.\n", ref($pp);
        printf "\$globp is a reference to a %s.\n", ref($globp);

}[/mw_shl_code]
运行输出：

]$ ./ref.pl
$n is a reference.
$t is a reference.
h is a reference.
$s is a reference.
$pp is a reference.
$globp is a reference.
$junk is not a reference.
--------------------------------
$n is a reference to a SCALAR.
$t is a reference to an ARRAY.
$h is a reference to a HASH.
$s is a reference to a CODE.
$pp is a reference to a REF.
$globp is a reference to a GLOB.

如果 ref 的参数是一个指向某个对象的指针，那么函数就返回这个对象所归属到的包的名称，如：
[code=perl]#!/usr/bin/perl

package House;

my $ref = {
"Owner" => "Tom",
"Price" => "25000",
};

bless ($ref, House);

print "The bless function tags the hash with its package name.\n";

print "The value of \$ref is: $ref. \n";

print "The ref function returns the class (package) name:", ref($ref), ".\n";[/mw_shl_code]
运行输出：

$ ./object.pl
The bless function tags the hash with its package name.
The value of $ref is: House=HASH(0x8737830).
The ref function returns the class (package) name:House.

上面最后一句打印出了对象(就是某个包内的一个散列表)所归属的包的名(House)。

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